Urban logistics is at a turning point. Today, last-mile operations already account for 30% of transport-related CO₂ emissions in cities. While the EU Green Deal targets a 50–55% reduction in emissions for vans and cars by 2030, many local authorities are also moving toward zero-emission zones to advance clean urban logistics.
To address these challenges, a shift is necessary toward more sustainable and efficient last-mile delivery systems. Lessons from past projects suggest that six key pillars are essential for this transformation: collaboration, sustainable business models, urban integration, supportive regulation, digital infrastructure, and the transferability of innovation.
Collaboration between logistics providers, both vertical (across the supply chain) and horizontal (among competitors), is increasingly viewed as a means to reduce costs, mitigate emissions, and enhance service levels. However, issues such as trust, data sharing, and financial viability persist. Public authorities play a crucial role in facilitating collaboration, offering regulatory and institutional support.
Sustainable business models go beyond traditional logistics practices. Urban consolidation centers, micro-consolidation hubs, and cargo bikes are some of the innovations that support cleaner deliveries. By recognizing the role of all stakeholders and aligning incentives, cities can foster collaborative logistics services that are both effective and commercially viable.
Regulation is a powerful tool. Low-emission zones have demonstrated significant environmental benefits, encouraging companies to transition to cleaner vehicles. Measures like time windows, noise restrictions, and dedicated loading zones can further guide logistics behavior. Policies must be paired with supportive infrastructure, such as access to real estate for hubs or public procurement rules favoring clean transportation, to scale cycle logistics and other alternatives.
Urban space and integration must be managed better to accommodate evolving logistics needs. Modular solutions, such as electric micro-containers, mobile fulfillment centers, and traffic management systems, enable cities to adapt quickly. European projects, such as URBANE, DECARBOMILE, and GREEN-LOG, are testing such innovations in real-world settings through Living Labs.
Digital infrastructure underpins modern urban logistics. Tools such as Logistics-as-a-Service platforms, AI-based demand modeling, digital twins, and blockchain offer new ways to manage complexity, optimize deliveries, and reduce emissions. These technologies enable better planning and coordination across the supply chain.
Finally, innovation transferability is crucial. Open digital platforms and knowledge-sharing mechanisms enable cities to replicate successful models, ensuring scalability and adaptability across Europe. The goal is to avoid isolated pilots and instead develop robust, city-wide solutions that align with economic, environmental, and social objectives.
By building on these pillars and harnessing digital tools, European cities can accelerate the shift to cleaner, more innovative logistics, ensuring that the goods that keep cities running arrive in a way that supports livability and sustainability.