Last-mile delivery is a critical component of the logistics and supply chain industry, especially in densely populated urban areas like Mumbai. This study aims to analyze the key challenges affecting last-mile delivery efficiency and evaluate the role of technology and operational strategies in improving performance.
Recent research was based on primary data collected through a structured survey of delivery personnel and consumers in Mumbai. Key factors such as traffic congestion, delivery time windows, fuel costs, and route optimization are examined.
The findings clearly indicate that traffic congestion is the most significant factor affecting delivery performance, followed by operational issues such as app-related inefficiencies and time pressure. A majority of respondents reported experiencing delivery delays, although most delays were within a manageable range of 0–30 minutes, suggesting moderate inefficiencies rather than severe disruptions.
The study also highlights the widespread use of GPS and route optimization tools, reflecting the growing importance of technology in improving logistics operations. However, despite technological adoption, infrastructural limitations, particularly road conditions and urban congestion, continue to hinder optimal performance.
The research concludes that improving last-mile delivery efficiency in metropolitan cities such as Mumbai requires a combination of technological advancement and infrastructure development. Logistics companies should focus on enhancing route optimization systems, while policymakers must address urban traffic and road infrastructure challenges. These combined efforts can significantly improve delivery timelines, reduce operational costs, and enhance customer satisfaction.
The study contributes to the growing body of research on urban logistics by providing empirical insights from a metropolitan context.
Vandikunna Parambil, Prashant, An Analysis of Last-Mile Delivery Challenges and Efficiency in Urban Logistics: A Study of Mumbai City (April 18, 2026). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=6599898 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6599898